The primary cause of acne is still not fully understood. As a rule, the causes of acne include several factors such as cosmetics, hormones, blocked pores and stress. Commonly acne affects adolescents and young adults; however, this condition may occur at all ages. Find out more about acne in adults.
The Main Causes of Acne
Acne develops for a combination of reasons. The most common triggers are:
- Hormones – rising androgen levels during puberty stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum, which can clog pores.
- Blocked pores – when dead skin cells and oil build up inside a follicle, comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) form.
- Bacteria – Propionibacterium acnes feeds on trapped sebum and triggers the inflammation behind pimples.
- Cosmetics – oily, comedogenic makeup and skin products can block pores. Learn more about acne, hygiene and cosmetics.
- Stress – stress hormones such as cortisol can worsen existing breakouts. Read does stress cause acne?
- Diet – refined carbohydrates and sugar may contribute to breakouts in some people. See acne and diet.
Why Oily Skin Gets More Acne
People with oily skin are often affected by acne, namely by blackheads and whiteheads. Acne develops when an oil gland is overactive: excess sebum mixes with dead skin cells, blocks the follicle and creates the environment where bacteria multiply and inflammation begins. Find out more about acne skin causes and how acne pimples form.
Reducing Your Risk of Breakouts
While you cannot change your hormones or genetics, you can lower your risk of breakouts with gentle daily skin care, a balanced diet and the right acne treatments when needed. Understanding the different types of acne also helps you choose targeted care.